# William Nordhaus Up: [[Thomas Sowell]] · [[Post Analysis - brivael on Why Musk Is Under Attack (2026-10-24)|post analysis]] (row 16) - Yale economist and 2018 Nobel laureate (for climate-economy modeling) ◻. - "Schumpeterian Profits in the American Economy" ([NBER w10433](https://www.nber.org/papers/w10433), 2004) estimates that innovators capture about **2.2%** of the total social surplus from their innovations (range 1.3–3.3%). This is the strongest evidence for the post's claim that innovators "don't keep that value". - Also appears in the climate hub ◻ (DICE model).