# Giovanni Gentile Up: [[Thomas Sowell]] · [[Users/@CapitalismMag/Post Analyses/Post Analysis - CapitalismMag on Sowell's What Is Fascism (2026-10-24)|CapitalismMag post analysis]] (rows 3, 8) - Italian idealist philosopher (1875–1944) ◻. Mussolini's Minister of Public Instruction (1922–24), author of the **1923 Gentile reform** of schools, which made Catholic religious instruction compulsory in elementary schools ("the foundation and crown" of instruction) ◻. That undercuts the "rigidly secular" schools in Sowell's column. - Ghostwrote the philosophical first part of *La dottrina del fascismo* (1932), published under Mussolini's name ◻: "Anti-individualistic, the Fascist conception of life stresses the importance of the State…" - Wrote the 1925 *Manifesto of the Fascist Intellectuals* ◻. Killed by partisans in Florence, Apr 15, 1944 ◻. - Also see [[Topics/Fascism, Nazism and the Left-Right Spectrum/People/Benito Mussolini|Benito Mussolini]].