# Vocabulary Up: [[Fascism, Nazism and the Left-Right Spectrum]] | Term | Meaning | Note | |---|---|---| | **Far right / extrême droite** | Nativist, authoritarian, often populist politics ◻ (Mudde) | In France it is an official classification category (*nuancier*), upheld by the Conseil d'État in 2024 | | **Fascism** | Mussolini's movement (1919–45); generically, Paxton's mass nationalist party allied with elites, practicing "redemptive violence" | From *fascio*, "bundle" or "league"; Roman *fasces* ◻ | | **National Socialism** | The NSDAP's ideology: racial nationalism, *Volksgemeinschaft*, anti-Marxism, antisemitism | The name predates the NSDAP in Bohemian and Austrian parties | | ***Volksgemeinschaft*** | The "people's community" bounded by race | ◻ | | ***Gemeinnutz vor Eigennutz*** | "Common good before self-interest" | NSDAP program, point 24 | | ***Gleichschaltung*** | "Coordination": bringing every institution into line with the party, 1933–34 | ◻ | | **DAF** (*Deutsche Arbeitsfront*) | Nazi labor organization replacing unions, May 1933 | USHMM | | **Four-Year Plan** | Göring's 1936 autarky and rearmament program | ◻ | | ***Zwangswirtschaft*** | Mises's term for a "compulsory economy": nominal private ownership under full state direction | *Planned Chaos* | | **Collectivism** | Putting the group (class, nation, race) above the individual | brivael's master category | | **Economic calculation problem** | Mises (1920): without market prices for capital goods, rational planning is impossible | See Lange's response | | **Knowledge problem** | Hayek (1945): dispersed local knowledge can't be centralized | Often blended with Mises | | **Totalitarianism** | A regime aiming at total control of society; the Arendt and Friedrich–Brzezinski models | Compares Nazi and Soviet regimes without calling them the same ideology | | **Horseshoe theory** | The idea that the extremes converge | ◻ Popular metaphor; contested | | ***Reductio ad Hitlerum*** | Leo Strauss's name for "Hitler held X, so X is bad" | It cuts both ways | | ***Inversion accusatoire*** | Accusing opponents of what one does oneself | A French polemical term | | **Nuancier** | The Interior Ministry's color-coded classification of candidates and parties | Conseil d'État n° 488378 | | **Night of the Long Knives** | Jun 30–Jul 2, 1934 purge of the SA leadership (Röhm) and of Gregor Strasser | ◻ | | **Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact** | Aug 23, 1939 Nazi–Soviet non-aggression pact with a secret protocol dividing Poland | ◻ | | **Wirtschaftswunder** | West Germany's postwar boom after the 1948 currency reform and Erhard's decontrol | ◻ |