# James Burnham Back to [[Economic Freedom and Prosperity]] · [[Authors/@Kristof_Poland/Post Analyses/Post Analysis - Kristof_Poland on Parkinson's Laws and Brussels (2026-10-25)|@Kristof_Poland on Parkinson's laws]] **Role:** American philosopher and political theorist (Nov 22, 1905 – Jul 28, 1987) ✔ - ***The Managerial Revolution: What Is Happening in the World*** (1941) ✔: argued that managers and technocrats were replacing owners and capitalists as the ruling class, under both capitalism and socialism. - A Trotskyist in the 1930s who broke with Marxism ◻; later a Cold War conservative and senior editor at *National Review* ◻. - Presidential Medal of Freedom from Ronald Reagan, 1983 ✔. - Part One of @Kristof_Poland's Parkinson series (Oct 8, 2026): "Burnham described the managers taking over. Parkinson showed how they breed." Key: ✔ confirmed this session · ◻ standard knowledge, not opened this session · ⚠️ unconfirmed.